DOJ grant supports study of the effects of school security equipment on student outcomes

George Mason University professor Samantha Viano is leading a multi-university team to assess the impact of school security equipment (SSE) grants on school violence, safety, and related outcomes. The team has received a $1.7 million grant from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) of the U.S. Department of Justice to support of the project, “The Impact of School Security Equipment on Students and Schools.”

Working with Viano are Lucy Sorensen of University at Albany, Trevor Fronius of WestEd, Benjamin W. Fisher of University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Meagan Call-Cummings of Johns Hopkins University. The study focuses on the impact of SSE on school- and student-level safety, climate, disciplinary, and juvenile justice outcomes at all levels of K-12 education.

“This initiative is crucial because it addresses whether the billions of dollars U.S. schools are spending on security equipment is leading to the intended outcomes,” said Viano, an associate professor in the School of Education at George Mason. “Despite the substantial funding, there is limited causal evidence on the effectiveness of SSE in improving school safety. This study aims to fill this gap by providing rigorous, mixed-methods research to inform educational policy and practice.”

The goals of this project are to identify the impact; determine how the impact of these grants varies depending several factors; compile a security contract database; understand the reasons why schools apply for SSE grants; and contextualize study findings through participatory action research with youth.

A unique aspect of this initiative is the direct involvement and engagement of students through Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) within George Mason’s Youth Research Council. YPAR is a type of community-engaged research designed and conducted by youth, in collaboration with adult mentors. Approximately 50 youth from more than 20 high schools in Virginia will participate in co-designing and co-facilitating research as part of Viano’s study.

Viano said this approach will ensure that the findings of the study include the perspectives of students who are the individuals most significantly affected by the installation of school security measures.

When asked why she became involved in this project, Viano said her “motivation stems from what I believe is an urgent need to address school violence and the lack of empirical

evidence on the effectiveness of school security equipment. This project aligns with my interest in educational policy, school safety, and equity, aiming to provide actionable guidance for schools and policymakers.”

This study is one of several important research initiatives led by Viano that will help close the gap in the available data and evidence needed to enhance our understanding of how security measures can affect student outcomes in K-12 schools.